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  <xsd:element id="olma_PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock" name="PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ScheduleOfPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_PrepaidClinicalTrialCosts" name="PrepaidClinicalTrialCosts" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_PrepaidResearchContracts" name="PrepaidResearchContracts" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesCurrent" name="AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesCurrent" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_EarlyExerciseOfUnvestedOptions" name="EarlyExerciseOfUnvestedOptions" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_BasisOfPresentationAndConsolidationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="BasisOfPresentationAndConsolidationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_UnauditedInterimFinancialInformationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="UnauditedInterimFinancialInformationPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ResearchContractCostsAndAccrualsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" name="ResearchContractCostsAndAccrualsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_StockPlan2014Member" name="StockPlan2014Member" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_EquityIncentivePlan2020Member" name="EquityIncentivePlan2020Member" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_PeriodOfIncreaseInCommonStockReservedForIssuance" name="PeriodOfIncreaseInCommonStockReservedForIssuance" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_PercentageOfNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockOutstanding" name="PercentageOfNumberOfSharesOfCommonStockOutstanding" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_TwoThousandFourteenStockPlanMember" name="TwoThousandFourteenStockPlanMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodAmount" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodAmount" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_PercentageOfEligibleEarningsWithheld" name="PercentageOfEligibleEarningsWithheld" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardOfferingPeriod" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardOfferingPeriod" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAwardNumberOfPurchasePeriods" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAwardNumberOfPurchasePeriods" nillable="true" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_LaboratoryLeaseAgreementMember" name="LaboratoryLeaseAgreementMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_VestingOfEarlyExercisedStockOptions" name="VestingOfEarlyExercisedStockOptions" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_PrepaidSubscriptionsAndLicenses" name="PrepaidSubscriptionsAndLicenses" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodValue" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedInPeriodValue" nillable="true" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShortTermMarketableSecuritiesMember" name="ShortTermMarketableSecuritiesMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_LongTermMarketableSecuritiesMember" name="LongTermMarketableSecuritiesMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDurationOfPurchasePeriods" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDurationOfPurchasePeriods" nillable="true" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_MandalmedServicesAgreementAreaMember" name="MandalmedServicesAgreementAreaMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_MandalmedServicesAgreementAdditionalAreaMember" name="MandalmedServicesAgreementAdditionalAreaMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_OfficeSpaceMember" name="OfficeSpaceMember" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardSharesUnderPriorPlan" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardSharesUnderPriorPlan" nillable="true" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_SummaryOfSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock" name="SummaryOfSupplementalCashFlowInformationTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element id="olma_SummaryOfLeaseTermAndDiscountRateTableTextBlock" name="SummaryOfLeaseTermAndDiscountRateTableTextBlock" nillable="true" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" />
  <xsd:element name="ReclassificationOfPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesIntoOtherAssets" id="olma_ReclassificationOfPrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesIntoOtherAssets" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element name="NumberOfLeaseAmendments" id="olma_NumberOfLeaseAmendments" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element name="TwoThousandTwentyTwoInducementPlanMember" id="olma_TwoThousandTwentyTwoInducementPlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
